Use and maintenance of elevator guide boots

At present, how to reduce the noise, improve the comfort and reduce the error of the flat floor of domestic elevators is a problem worth studying. There are many reasons for this problem, and one of the main reasons is how to choose, maintain and overhaul guide boots. Improper specifications of guide boots and guide rails, improper assembly clearance and wear of guide boots lining will cause cage shaking or friction sound, and even lead to the danger of guide boots coming out of the guide rail.

1. Type of sliding guide boots

1.1 Car guide boots

Roller guide boots can be divided into sliding guide boots and rolling guide boots according to their motion mode on the guide working surface.

Sliding guide boots sliding guide boots and according to the axial position of the boot head is fixed or floating, can be divided into fixed sliding guide boots and elastic sliding guide boots. Fixed sliding guide boots (also known as rigid sliding guide boots) are shown in Figure 1(please click). There is a large gap between the guide boots and the guide rail, which will produce large vibration and impact during movement, so they are usually used in elevators below 1m/s. But its structure is simple, has good stiffness, strong bearing capacity and is widely used in the loading capacity of more than 3 000kg, the speed of 0.5m/s below the low speed of large tonnage freight ladder. Elastic sliding guide boots see FIG. 2 (please click), and divided into one-way floating spring type and rubber spring type sliding guide boots. For the one-way floating spring sliding guide boots, in the direction perpendicular to the end face of the guide rail can play a buffer role, but there is still a large gap between it and the guide rail side working face, which makes it on the guide rail side working face in the direction of vibration and impact did not slow down. The rated speed limit of the lift with this boot is 1.75m/s. Rubber spring type elastic sliding guide boots, because the boot head has a certain directionality, so in the direction of the guide rail side working face also has a certain buffer performance, its working performance is better, the applicable elevator speed range is also increased accordingly.

The initial pressing force of the boot lining of the elastic sliding guide boots on the end face of the guide is adjustable, and the selection of the initial pressure mainly considers the heavy force, which is related to the rated load of the elevator, the size of the car and the position of the center of gravity. Size B in FIG. 2 adjusts the initial pressure by adjusting the spring. That's how much the spring is compressed. For the elastic guide boots of domestic elevator, the value should be selected according to Table 1 (please click).

Elastic sliding guide boots will make the contact pressure drop after the boot lining wear, in the case of small wear, can rotate the screw adjustment, push the boot head forward, increase the contact pressure, ensure the car running smoothly, but the contact pressure should not be too large, otherwise it will increase the running resistance, accelerate the boot lining wear. The BOOT HEAD CAN ROTATE AUTOMATICALLY IN THE BOOT SEAT, WHEN THE GUIDE RAIL IS NOT INSTALLED STRAIGHT OR THE UPPER AND lower ends OF THE BOOT LINING side wear UNEVEN, THE small swing OF THE BOOT head can be compensated to prevent the car vibration or stuck rail. Some elevator manufacturers supply two kinds of boot lining at the same time, one is cast iron, installed in the boot head, for use at the beginning of the run-in guide rail. One is nylon, and the guide rail is replaced by the user (using unit) after running in. The advantages are that it can reduce the wear of guide boots, and the running-in guide rail can improve the surface roughness of guide rail and overcome the machining defects.

Rolling guide boots, also known as roller guide boots, see Figure 3 (please click). Due to the use of rolling contact, it can reduce the friction resistance between guide boots and guide rail, save power, reduce vibration and noise, and is used in high-speed elevators and mining elevators (above 2m/s). The initial pressure of the roller on the guide rail is adjusted by adjusting the amount of compression of the spring. The roller on the guide rail should not be skewed, in the entire flange width and guide rail working face should be uniform contact. When the car is running, all three rollers should roll at the same time to keep the car running smoothly.

Do not add lubricating oil on the working surface of guide rail when using roller guide boots to avoid slipping. And sliding guide boots need to add lubricating oil to reduce friction resistance. Usually, the oil box is placed on the top of the two upper guide boots as shown in Figure 4(please click). The lubricating oil in the oil box is evenly spread to the guide working surface through felt to achieve automatic lubrication.

1.2 pairs of heavy guide boots

The structure of the heavy guide boot is simpler than that of the car guide boot as shown in Figure 5(please click). Both sides of the boot lining are clamped with Angle steel, which is mounted on the counterweight frame. Depending on the manufacturing material, the boot lining has two structural forms (FIG. 5).

Maintenance and inspection of guide boots

2.1 Fault and troubleshooting of guide boots

There are many reasons for the vibration or friction sound of the elevator in operation. Here, the possible reasons and elimination methods are put forward only from the fault phenomenon of the guide boots.

1) Foreign bodies stuck in the oil groove of the boot lining should be removed and cleaned.

2) The boot lining is worn seriously, which causes friction between the metal cover plate at both ends and the guide rail. The boot lining should be replaced.

3) If the clearance between the guide rail working face on both sides of the well is too large, the guide boots should be adjusted to maintain the normal top clearance.

4) Boot liner wear is not uniform or wear is quite serious, should replace the boot lining or adjust the side lining of the embedded boot lining, adjust the boot spring, so that the four boot pressure uniform.

5) The roller of the rolling boot is not uniform wear, the roller of the rolling boot should be replaced or the car repair roller.

2.2 Maintenance and inspection of guide boots

1) The gap between the side of the boot liner and the guide rail of the car guide boot is 0.5 ~ 1mm. There is no gap between the boot lining and the top surface of the guide rail, and the adjusting range of the boot spring is not more than 5mm. The clearance between the boot lining and the top surface of the guide rail is 1 ~ 2mm. The gap between the boot lining and the top surface of the guide rail for heavy guide boots shall not be greater than 2.5mm. The clearance between the roller and the guide surface of the rolling guide boot is 1 ~ 2mm.

2) Run the cage and the counterweight at the same level, and check the guide boots on the top of the cage and counterweight. Swing the car or the heavy frame back and forth to both sides to check the size of the side gap and the wear of the boot lining, but also to check the hard and soft spring. If the top gap is too large, the boot lining can be removed and the top surface of the gasket can be adjusted. If the side gap is too large, if it is embedded boot lining, screw in the side boot lining bolt to adjust the side gap. Integral boot lining can be in boot lining side back with gasket adjustment, so that the gap * one side is slightly larger, but because of the reason on the structure, the effect is not as good as embedded type, so the good method is to replace the new boot lining.

Check the fastening of guide boots and cage frame and heavy frame. Use spring washer to prevent nut loosening.

3) Serious wear and tear of boot lining, excessive clearance or skewed installation will cause "gnawing" phenomenon of car driving. The phenomenon of "gnawing road" can be judged by the following signs: there is a narrow and bright trace on the side of the guide rail, and the trace is burr when serious; Boot lining side into a trumpet mouth and burr; Car running, especially in the starting and flat floor deflection, torsion pendulum. The reasons for "gnawing road" are: rail distortion, skew or loose; The upper and lower guide boots are not aligned, and the clearance is not consistent with the guide rail; Cage frame deformation or boot seat bolt loose; Boot lining shape size is too small in the boot head shaking.

4) often pay attention to guide rail lubrication, timely remove the dirt in the boot lining. Clean the guide rail working face of sliding guide boots according to regulations, refueling once a week, cleaning once a year. Hj-40 lubricating oil if there is an automatic refueling device, calcium grease if there is no automatic refueling device. Lubricating oil is not added to the working face of the guide rail of the rolling boot, but the working face should be clean, and the roller should not slip obviously in operation. The rolling guide boot bearing is injected with calcium grease once a month and cleaned once a half year.